Stormin Mormon
2005-03-21 16:23:15 UTC
Here's something on fascism: A sermon on Fascism by a Unitarian minister
in Austin, Texas. Near the bottom is the "how to tell if it's happening
here" and at the bottom is how to help avoid being swept up in this.
Living Under Fascism
Davidson Loehr
7 November 2004
First Unitarian Universalist Church of Austin 4700 Grover Ave., Austin,
TX 78756 512-452-6168
You may wonder why anyone would try to use the word "fascism" in a
serious discussion of where America is today. It sounds like cheap
name-calling, or melodramatic allusion to a slew of old war movies.
But I am serious. I don't mean it as name-calling at all. I mean to
persuade you that the style of governing into which America has slid is
most accurately described as fascism, and that the necessary
implications of this fact are rightly regarded as terrifying. That's
what I am about here. And even if I don't persuade you, I hope to raise
the level of your thinking about who and where we are now, to add some
nuance and perhaps some useful insights.
The word comes from the Latin word "Fasces," denoting a bundle of sticks
tied together. The individual sticks represented citizens, and the
bundle represented the state. The message of this metaphor was that it
was the bundle that was significant, not the individual sticks. If it
sounds un-American, it's worth knowing that the Roman Fasces appear on
the wall behind the Speaker's podium in the chamber of the US House of
Representatives.
Still, it's an unlikely word. When most people hear the word "fascism"
they may think of the racism and anti-Semitism of Mussolini and Hitler.
It is true that the use of force and the scapegoating of fringe groups
are part of every fascism. But there was also an economic dimension of
fascism, known in Europe during the 1920s and '30s as "corporatism,"
which was an essential ingredient of Mussolini's and Hitler's tyrannies.
So-called corporatism was adopted in Italy and Germany during the 1930s
and was held up as a model by quite a few intellectuals and policy
makers in the United States and Europe.
Fortune Magazine ran a cover story on Mussolini in 1934, praising his
fascism for its ability to break worker unions, disempower workers and
transfer huge sums of money to those who controlled the money rather
than those who earned it.
Few Americans are aware of or can recall how so many Americans and
Europeans viewed economic fascism as the wave of the future during the
1930s. Yet reviewing our past may help shed light on our present, and
point the way to a better future. So I want to begin by looking back to
the last time fascism posed a serious threat to America.
In Sinclair Lewis's 1935 novel It Can't Happen Here, a conservative
southern politician is helped to the presidency by a nationally
syndicated radio talk show host. The politician - Buzz Windrip - runs
his campaign on family values, the flag, and patriotism. Windrip and the
talk show host portray advocates of traditional American democracy -
those concerned with individual rights and freedoms - as anti-American.
That was 69 years ago.
One of the most outspoken American fascists from the 1930s was economist
Lawrence Dennis. In his 1936 book, The Coming American Fascism - a
coming which he anticipated and cheered - Dennis declared that defenders
of "18th-century Americanism" were sure to become "the laughing stock of
their own countrymen." The big stumbling block to the development of
economic fascism, Dennis bemoaned, was "liberal norms of law or
constitutional guarantees of private rights."
So, it is important for us to recognize that, as an economic system,
fascism was widely accepted in the 1920s and '30s, and nearly worshiped
by some powerful American industrialists. And fascism has always, and
explicitly, been opposed to liberalism of all kinds.
Mussolini, who helped create modern fascism, viewed liberal ideas as the
enemy. "The Fascist Conception of life," he wrote, "stresses the
importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his
interests coincide with the State. It is opposed to classical liberalism
[which] denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism
reasserts the rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the
individual."
Mussolini thought it was unnatural for a government to protect
individual rights: The essence of fascism, he believed, is that
government should be the master, not the servant, of the people.
Still, fascism is a word that is completely foreign to most of us. We
need to know what it is, and how we can know it when we see it. In an
essay coyly titled "Fascism Anyone?," Dr. Lawrence Britt, a political
scientist, identifies social and political agendas common to fascist
regimes. His comparisons of Hitler, Mussolini, Franco, Suharto, and
Pinochet yielded this list of 14 "identifying characteristics of
fascism." (The following article is from Free Inquiry magazine, volume
23, Number 2.
See how familiar they sound:
1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism
Fascist regimes tend to make constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans,
symbols, songs, and other paraphernalia. Flags are seen everywhere, as
are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays.
2. Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights
Because of fear of enemies and the need for security, the people in
fascist regimes are persuaded that human rights can be ignored in
certain cases because of "need." The people tend to look the other way
or even approve of torture, summary executions, assassinations, long
incarcerations of prisoners, etc.
3. Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause
The people are rallied into a unifying patriotic frenzy over the need to
eliminate a perceived common threat or foe: racial, ethnic or religious
minorities; liberals; communists; socialists, terrorists, etc.
4. Supremacy of the Military
Even when there are widespread domestic problems, the military is given
a disproportionate amount of government funding, and the domestic agenda
is neglected. Soldiers and military service are glamorized.
5. Rampant Sexism
The governments of fascist nations tend to be almost exclusively
male-dominated. Under fascist regimes, traditional gender roles are made
more rigid. Opposition to abortion is high, as is homophobia and
anti-gay legislation and national policy.
6. Controlled Mass
Media Sometimes the media are directly controlled by the government, but
in other cases, the media are indirectly controlled by government
regulation, or sympathetic media spokespeople and executives.
Censorship, especially in war time, is very common.
7. Obsession with National Security
Fear is used as a motivational tool by the government over the masses.
8. Religion and Government are Intertwined.
Governments in fascist nations tend to use the most common religion in
the nation as a tool to manipulate public opinion.
Religious rhetoric and terminology is common from government leaders,
even when the major tenets of the religion are diametrically opposed to
the government's policies or actions.
9. Corporate Power is Protected
The industrial and business aristocracy of a fascist nation often are
the ones who put the government leaders into power, creating a mutually
beneficial business/ government relationship and power elite.
10. Labor Power is Suppressed
Because the organizing power of labor is the only real threat to a
fascist government, labor unions are either eliminated entirely, or are
severely suppressed.
11. Disdain for Intellectuals and the Arts
Fascist nations tend to promote and tolerate open hostility to higher
education, and academia. It is not uncommon for professors and other
academics to be censored or even arrested. Free expression in the arts
is openly attacked, and governments often refuse to fund the arts.
12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment
Under fascist regimes, the police are given almost limitless power to
enforce laws. The people are often willing to overlook police abuses and
even forego civil liberties in the name of patriotism. There is often a
national police force with virtually unlimited power in fascist nations.
13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption
Fascist regimes almost always are governed by groups of friends and
associates who appoint each other to government positions and use
governmental power and authority to protect their friends from
accountability. It is not uncommon in fascist regimes for national
resources and even treasures to be appropriated or even outright stolen
by government leaders.
14. Fraudulent Elections
Sometimes elections in fascist nations are a complete sham.
Other times elections are manipulated by smear campaigns against or even
assassination of opposition candidates, use of legislation to control
voting numbers or political district boundaries, and manipulation of the
media. Fascist nations also typically use their judiciaries to
manipulate or control elections.
This list will be familiar to students of political science. But it
should be familiar to students of religion as well, for much of it
mirrors the social and political agenda of religious fundamentalisms
worldwide. It is both accurate and helpful for us to understand
fundamentalism as religious fascism, and fascism as political
fundamentalism. They both come from very primitive parts of us that have
always been the default setting of our species: amity toward our
in-group, enmity toward out-groups, hierarchical deference to alpha male
figures, a powerful identification with our territory, and so forth. It
is that brutal default setting that all civilizations have tried to
raise us above, but it is always a fragile thing, civilization, and has
to be achieved over and over and over again.
But, again, this is not America's first encounter with fascism. In early
1944, the New York Times asked Vice President Henry Wallace to, as
Wallace noted, "write a piece answering the following questions: What is
a fascist? How many fascists have we? How dangerous are they?"
Vice President Wallace's answer to those questions was published in The
NewYork Times on April 9, 1944, at the height of the war against the
Axis powers of Germany and Japan. See how much you think his statements
apply to our society today.
"The really dangerous American fascist," Wallace wrote, "is the man who
wants to do in the United States, in an American way, what Hitler did in
Germany in a Prussian way. The American fascist would prefer not to use
violence. His method is to poison the channels of public information.
With a fascist the problem is never how best to present the truth to the
public but how best to use the news to deceive the public into giving
the fascist and his group more money or more power."
In his strongest indictment of the tide of fascism he saw rising in
America, Wallace added, "They claim to be super-patriots, but they would
destroy every liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. They demand free
enterprise, but are the spokesmen for monopoly and vested interest.
Their final objective toward which all their deceit is directed is to
capture political power so that, using the power of the state and the
power of the market simultaneously, they may keep the common man in
eternal subjection." By these standards, a few of today's weapons for
keeping the common people in eternal subjection include NAFTA, the World
Trade Organization, union-busting, cutting worker benefits while
increasing CEO pay, elimination of worker benefits, security and
pensions, rapacious credit card interest, and outsourcing of jobs - not
to mention the largest prison system in the world. The Perfect Storm...
Our current descent into fascism came about through a kind of "Perfect
Storm," a confluence of three unrelated but mutually supportive schools
of thought.
1. The first stream of thought was the imperialistic dream of The
Project for the New American Century. I don't believe anyone can
understand the past four years without reading The Project for the New
American Century, published in September 2000 and authored by many who
have been prominent players in the Bush administrations, including
Cheney, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Richard Perle and Donald Kagan to name only
a few. This report saw the fall of Communism as a call for America to
become the military rulers of the world, to establish a new worldwide
empire. They spelled out the military enhancements we would need, then
noted, sadly, that these wonderful plans would take a long time, unless
there could be a catastrophic and catalyzing event like a new Pearl
Harbor that would let the leaders turn America into a military and
militarist country. There was no clear interest in religion in this
report, and no clear concern with local economic policies.
2. A second powerful stream must be credited to Pat Robertson and his
Christian Reconstructionists, or Dominionists. Long dismissed by most of
us as a screwball, the Dominionist style of Christianity which he has
been preaching since the early 1980s is now the most powerful religious
voice in the Bush administration.
Katherine Yurica, who transcribed over 1,300 pages of interviews from
Pat Robertson's 700 Club shows in the 1980s, has shown how Robertson and
his chosen guests consistently, openly and passionately argued that
America must become a theocracy under the control of Christian
Dominionists. Robertson is on record saying democracy is a terrible form
of government unless it is run by his kind of Christians. He also rails
constantly against taxing the rich, against public education, social
programs and welfare - and prefers Deuteronomy 28 over the teachings of
Jesus. He is clear that women must remain homebound as obedient servants
of men, and that abortions, like homosexuals, should not be allowed.
Robertson has also been clear that other kinds of Christians, including
Episcopalians and Presbyterians, are enemies of Christ.
3. The third major component of this "Perfect Storm" has been the desire
of very wealthy Americans and corporate CEOs for a plutocracy that will
favor profits by the very rich and disempowerment of the vast majority
of American workers, the destruction of workers' unions, and the
alliance of government to help achieve these greedy goals. It is a
condition some have called socialism for the rich, capitalism for the
poor, and which others recognize as a reincarnation of Social Darwinism.
This strain of thought has been present throughout American history.
Seventy years ago, they tried to finance a military coup to replace
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and establish General Smedley Butler as a
fascist dictator in 1934.
Fortunately, they picked a general who really was a patriot; he refused,
reported the scheme, and spoke and wrote about it. As Canadian law
professor Joel Bakan wrote in the book and movie The Corporation, they
have now achieved their coup without firing a shot.
Our plutocrats have had no particular interest in religion. Their global
interests are with an imperialist empire, and their domestic goals are
in undoing all the New Deal reforms of Franklin Delano Roosevelt that
enabled the rise of America's middle class after WWII.
Another ill wind in this Perfect Storm is more important than its
crudity might suggest: it was President Clinton's sleazy sex with a
young but eager intern in the White House. This incident, and Clinton's
equally sleazy lying about it, focused the certainties of conservatives
on the fact that "liberals" had neither moral compass nor moral concern,
and therefore represented a dangerous threat to the moral fiber of
America. While the effects of this may be hard to quantify, I think they
were profound.
These "storm" components have no necessary connection, and come from
different groups of thinkers, many of whom wouldn't even like one
another. But together, they form a nearly complete web of command and
control, which has finally gained control of America and, they hope, of
the world. What's coming
When all fascisms exhibit the same social and political agendas (the 14
points listed by Britt), then it is not hard to predict where a new
fascist uprising will lead. And it is not hard. The actions of fascists
and the social and political effects of fascism and fundamentalism are
clear and sobering.
Here is some of what's coming, what will be happening in our country in
the next few years:
* The theft of all social security funds, to be transferred to those who
control money, and the increasing destitution of all those dependent on
social security and social welfare programs.
* Rising numbers of uninsured people in this country that already has
the highest percentage of citizens without health insurance in the
developed world.
* Increased loss of funding for public education combined with increased
support for vouchers, urging Americans to entrust their children's
education to Christian schools.
* More restrictions on civil liberties as America is turned into the
police state necessary for fascism to work.
* Withdrawal of virtually all funding for National Public Radio and the
Public Broadcasting System. At their best, these media sometimes
encourage critical questioning, so they are correctly seen as enemies of
the state's official stories.
* The reinstatement of a draft, from which the children of privileged
parents will again be mostly exempt, leaving our poorest children to
fight and die in wars of imperialism and greed that could never benefit
them anyway. (That was my one-sentence Veterans' Day sermon for this year.)
* More imperialistic invasions: of Iran and others, and the construction
of a huge permanent embassy in Iraq.
* More restrictions on speech, under the flag of national security.
* Control of the internet to remove or cripple it as an instrument of
free communication that is exempt from government control. This will be
presented as a necessary anti-terrorist measure.
* Efforts to remove the tax-exempt status of churches like this one, and
to characterize them as anti-American.
* Tighter control of the editorial bias of almost all media, and
demonization of the few media they are unable to control -the New York
Times, for instance.
* Continued outsourcing of jobs, including more white-collar jobs, to
produce greater profits for those who control the money and direct the
society, while simultaneously reducing America's workers to a more
desperate and powerless status.
* Moves in the banking industry to make it impossible for an increasing
number of Americans to own their homes. As they did in the 1930s, those
who control the money know that it is to their advantage and profit to
keep others renting rather than owning.
* Criminalization of those who protest, as un-American, with arrests,
detentions and harassment increasing. We already have a higher
percentage of our citizens in prison than any other country in the
world. That percentage will increase.
* In the near future, it will be illegal or at least dangerous to say
the things I have said here this morning. In the fascist story, these
things are un-American. In the real history of a democratic America,
they were seen as profoundly critical questions that kept the American
spirit alive - the kind of questions, incidentally, that our media were
supposed to be pressing.
Can these schemes work?
I don't think so. I think they are murderous, rapacious and insane. But
I don't know. Maybe they can. Similar schemes have worked in countries
like Chile, where a democracy in which over 90% voted has been reduced
to one in which only about 20% vote because they say, as Americans are
learning to say, that it no longer matters who you vote for.
Hope
In the meantime, is there any hope, or do we just band together like
lemmings and dive off a cliff? Yes, there is always hope, though at
times it is more hidden, as it is now. As some critics are now saying,
and as I have been preaching and writing for almost twenty years,
America's liberals need to grow beyond political liberalism, with its
often self-absorbed focus on individual rights to the exclusion of
individual responsibilities to the larger society. Liberals will have to
construct a more complete vision with moral and religious grounding.
That does not mean confessional Christianity.
It means the legitimate heir to Christianity. Such a legitimate heir
need not be a religion, though it must have clear moral power, and be
able to attract the minds and hearts of a voting majority of Americans.
And the new liberal vision must be larger than that of the conservative
religious vision that will be appointing judges, writing laws and
bending the cultural norms toward hatred and exclusion for the
foreseeable future. The conservatives deserve a lot of admiration. They
have spent the last thirty years studying American politics, forming
their vision and learning how to gain control in the political system.
And it worked; they have won.
Even if liberals can develop a bigger vision, they still have all that
time-consuming work to do. It won't be fast. It isn't even clear that
liberals will be willing to do it; they may instead prefer to go down
with the ship they're used to.
One man who has been tireless in his investigations and critiques of
America's slide into fascism is Michael C. Ruppert, whose postings
usually read as though he is wound way too tight. But he offers four
pieces of advice about what we can do now, and they seem reality-based
enough to pass on to you. This is America; they're all about money:
* First, he says you should get out of debt.
* Second is to spend your money and time on things that give you energy
and provide you with useful information.
* Third is to stop spending a penny with major banks, news media and
corporations that feed you lies and leave you angry and exhausted.
* And fourth is to learn how money works and use it like a (political)
weapon - as he predicts the rest of the world will be doing against us.
---
That's advice written this week. Another bit of advice comes from sixty
years ago, from Roosevelt's Vice President, Henry Wallace. Wallace said,
"Democracy, to crush fascism internally, must...develop the ability to
keep people fully employed and at the same time balance the budget. It
must put human beings first and dollars second. It must appeal to reason
and decency and not to violence and deceit. We must not tolerate
oppressive government or industrial oligarchy in the form of monopolies
and cartels."
Still another way to understand fascism is as a kind of colonization. A
simple definition of "colonization" is that it takes people's stories
away, and assigns them supportive roles in stories that empower others
at their expense. When you are taxed to support a government that uses
you as a means to serve the ends of others, you are ironically - in a
state of taxation without representation.
That's where this country started, and it's where we are now.
I don't know the next step. I'm not a political activist; I'm only a
preacher. But whatever you do, whatever we do, I hope that we can
remember some very basic things that I think of as eternally true.
One is that the vast majority of people are good decent people who mean
and do as well as they know how. Very few people are evil, though some
are. But we all live in families where some of our blood relatives
support things we hate. I believe they mean well, and the way to rebuild
broken bridges is through greater understanding, compassion, and a
reality-based story that is more inclusive and empowering for the vast
majority of us.
Those who want to live in a reality-based story rather than as serfs in
an ideology designed to transfer power, possibility and hope to a small
ruling elite have much long and hard work to do, individually and
collectively.
It will not be either easy or quick.
But we will do it. We will go forward in hope and in courage. Let us
seek that better path, and find the courage to take it - step, by step,
by step.
* * * * *
About Our Minister, Davidson Loehr, Ph.D.
His academic credentials include a doctoral degree from the University
of Chicago in theology, philosophy of religion and philosophy of
science, a master's degree from the same university in methods for
studying religions, and a bachelor's degree in music theory from the
University of Michigan.
Dr. Loehr is a regular contributor to the Austin American-Statesman.
Before becoming a Unitarian Universalist minister, Dr. Loehr was a
combat photographer in Vietnam and a professional musician, playing
clarinet and saxophone in road bands and combos. His office is lined
with astounding photographs of places he has visited and people he has
known.
***
in Austin, Texas. Near the bottom is the "how to tell if it's happening
here" and at the bottom is how to help avoid being swept up in this.
Living Under Fascism
Davidson Loehr
7 November 2004
First Unitarian Universalist Church of Austin 4700 Grover Ave., Austin,
TX 78756 512-452-6168
You may wonder why anyone would try to use the word "fascism" in a
serious discussion of where America is today. It sounds like cheap
name-calling, or melodramatic allusion to a slew of old war movies.
But I am serious. I don't mean it as name-calling at all. I mean to
persuade you that the style of governing into which America has slid is
most accurately described as fascism, and that the necessary
implications of this fact are rightly regarded as terrifying. That's
what I am about here. And even if I don't persuade you, I hope to raise
the level of your thinking about who and where we are now, to add some
nuance and perhaps some useful insights.
The word comes from the Latin word "Fasces," denoting a bundle of sticks
tied together. The individual sticks represented citizens, and the
bundle represented the state. The message of this metaphor was that it
was the bundle that was significant, not the individual sticks. If it
sounds un-American, it's worth knowing that the Roman Fasces appear on
the wall behind the Speaker's podium in the chamber of the US House of
Representatives.
Still, it's an unlikely word. When most people hear the word "fascism"
they may think of the racism and anti-Semitism of Mussolini and Hitler.
It is true that the use of force and the scapegoating of fringe groups
are part of every fascism. But there was also an economic dimension of
fascism, known in Europe during the 1920s and '30s as "corporatism,"
which was an essential ingredient of Mussolini's and Hitler's tyrannies.
So-called corporatism was adopted in Italy and Germany during the 1930s
and was held up as a model by quite a few intellectuals and policy
makers in the United States and Europe.
Fortune Magazine ran a cover story on Mussolini in 1934, praising his
fascism for its ability to break worker unions, disempower workers and
transfer huge sums of money to those who controlled the money rather
than those who earned it.
Few Americans are aware of or can recall how so many Americans and
Europeans viewed economic fascism as the wave of the future during the
1930s. Yet reviewing our past may help shed light on our present, and
point the way to a better future. So I want to begin by looking back to
the last time fascism posed a serious threat to America.
In Sinclair Lewis's 1935 novel It Can't Happen Here, a conservative
southern politician is helped to the presidency by a nationally
syndicated radio talk show host. The politician - Buzz Windrip - runs
his campaign on family values, the flag, and patriotism. Windrip and the
talk show host portray advocates of traditional American democracy -
those concerned with individual rights and freedoms - as anti-American.
That was 69 years ago.
One of the most outspoken American fascists from the 1930s was economist
Lawrence Dennis. In his 1936 book, The Coming American Fascism - a
coming which he anticipated and cheered - Dennis declared that defenders
of "18th-century Americanism" were sure to become "the laughing stock of
their own countrymen." The big stumbling block to the development of
economic fascism, Dennis bemoaned, was "liberal norms of law or
constitutional guarantees of private rights."
So, it is important for us to recognize that, as an economic system,
fascism was widely accepted in the 1920s and '30s, and nearly worshiped
by some powerful American industrialists. And fascism has always, and
explicitly, been opposed to liberalism of all kinds.
Mussolini, who helped create modern fascism, viewed liberal ideas as the
enemy. "The Fascist Conception of life," he wrote, "stresses the
importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his
interests coincide with the State. It is opposed to classical liberalism
[which] denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism
reasserts the rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the
individual."
Mussolini thought it was unnatural for a government to protect
individual rights: The essence of fascism, he believed, is that
government should be the master, not the servant, of the people.
Still, fascism is a word that is completely foreign to most of us. We
need to know what it is, and how we can know it when we see it. In an
essay coyly titled "Fascism Anyone?," Dr. Lawrence Britt, a political
scientist, identifies social and political agendas common to fascist
regimes. His comparisons of Hitler, Mussolini, Franco, Suharto, and
Pinochet yielded this list of 14 "identifying characteristics of
fascism." (The following article is from Free Inquiry magazine, volume
23, Number 2.
See how familiar they sound:
1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism
Fascist regimes tend to make constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans,
symbols, songs, and other paraphernalia. Flags are seen everywhere, as
are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays.
2. Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights
Because of fear of enemies and the need for security, the people in
fascist regimes are persuaded that human rights can be ignored in
certain cases because of "need." The people tend to look the other way
or even approve of torture, summary executions, assassinations, long
incarcerations of prisoners, etc.
3. Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause
The people are rallied into a unifying patriotic frenzy over the need to
eliminate a perceived common threat or foe: racial, ethnic or religious
minorities; liberals; communists; socialists, terrorists, etc.
4. Supremacy of the Military
Even when there are widespread domestic problems, the military is given
a disproportionate amount of government funding, and the domestic agenda
is neglected. Soldiers and military service are glamorized.
5. Rampant Sexism
The governments of fascist nations tend to be almost exclusively
male-dominated. Under fascist regimes, traditional gender roles are made
more rigid. Opposition to abortion is high, as is homophobia and
anti-gay legislation and national policy.
6. Controlled Mass
Media Sometimes the media are directly controlled by the government, but
in other cases, the media are indirectly controlled by government
regulation, or sympathetic media spokespeople and executives.
Censorship, especially in war time, is very common.
7. Obsession with National Security
Fear is used as a motivational tool by the government over the masses.
8. Religion and Government are Intertwined.
Governments in fascist nations tend to use the most common religion in
the nation as a tool to manipulate public opinion.
Religious rhetoric and terminology is common from government leaders,
even when the major tenets of the religion are diametrically opposed to
the government's policies or actions.
9. Corporate Power is Protected
The industrial and business aristocracy of a fascist nation often are
the ones who put the government leaders into power, creating a mutually
beneficial business/ government relationship and power elite.
10. Labor Power is Suppressed
Because the organizing power of labor is the only real threat to a
fascist government, labor unions are either eliminated entirely, or are
severely suppressed.
11. Disdain for Intellectuals and the Arts
Fascist nations tend to promote and tolerate open hostility to higher
education, and academia. It is not uncommon for professors and other
academics to be censored or even arrested. Free expression in the arts
is openly attacked, and governments often refuse to fund the arts.
12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment
Under fascist regimes, the police are given almost limitless power to
enforce laws. The people are often willing to overlook police abuses and
even forego civil liberties in the name of patriotism. There is often a
national police force with virtually unlimited power in fascist nations.
13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption
Fascist regimes almost always are governed by groups of friends and
associates who appoint each other to government positions and use
governmental power and authority to protect their friends from
accountability. It is not uncommon in fascist regimes for national
resources and even treasures to be appropriated or even outright stolen
by government leaders.
14. Fraudulent Elections
Sometimes elections in fascist nations are a complete sham.
Other times elections are manipulated by smear campaigns against or even
assassination of opposition candidates, use of legislation to control
voting numbers or political district boundaries, and manipulation of the
media. Fascist nations also typically use their judiciaries to
manipulate or control elections.
This list will be familiar to students of political science. But it
should be familiar to students of religion as well, for much of it
mirrors the social and political agenda of religious fundamentalisms
worldwide. It is both accurate and helpful for us to understand
fundamentalism as religious fascism, and fascism as political
fundamentalism. They both come from very primitive parts of us that have
always been the default setting of our species: amity toward our
in-group, enmity toward out-groups, hierarchical deference to alpha male
figures, a powerful identification with our territory, and so forth. It
is that brutal default setting that all civilizations have tried to
raise us above, but it is always a fragile thing, civilization, and has
to be achieved over and over and over again.
But, again, this is not America's first encounter with fascism. In early
1944, the New York Times asked Vice President Henry Wallace to, as
Wallace noted, "write a piece answering the following questions: What is
a fascist? How many fascists have we? How dangerous are they?"
Vice President Wallace's answer to those questions was published in The
NewYork Times on April 9, 1944, at the height of the war against the
Axis powers of Germany and Japan. See how much you think his statements
apply to our society today.
"The really dangerous American fascist," Wallace wrote, "is the man who
wants to do in the United States, in an American way, what Hitler did in
Germany in a Prussian way. The American fascist would prefer not to use
violence. His method is to poison the channels of public information.
With a fascist the problem is never how best to present the truth to the
public but how best to use the news to deceive the public into giving
the fascist and his group more money or more power."
In his strongest indictment of the tide of fascism he saw rising in
America, Wallace added, "They claim to be super-patriots, but they would
destroy every liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. They demand free
enterprise, but are the spokesmen for monopoly and vested interest.
Their final objective toward which all their deceit is directed is to
capture political power so that, using the power of the state and the
power of the market simultaneously, they may keep the common man in
eternal subjection." By these standards, a few of today's weapons for
keeping the common people in eternal subjection include NAFTA, the World
Trade Organization, union-busting, cutting worker benefits while
increasing CEO pay, elimination of worker benefits, security and
pensions, rapacious credit card interest, and outsourcing of jobs - not
to mention the largest prison system in the world. The Perfect Storm...
Our current descent into fascism came about through a kind of "Perfect
Storm," a confluence of three unrelated but mutually supportive schools
of thought.
1. The first stream of thought was the imperialistic dream of The
Project for the New American Century. I don't believe anyone can
understand the past four years without reading The Project for the New
American Century, published in September 2000 and authored by many who
have been prominent players in the Bush administrations, including
Cheney, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Richard Perle and Donald Kagan to name only
a few. This report saw the fall of Communism as a call for America to
become the military rulers of the world, to establish a new worldwide
empire. They spelled out the military enhancements we would need, then
noted, sadly, that these wonderful plans would take a long time, unless
there could be a catastrophic and catalyzing event like a new Pearl
Harbor that would let the leaders turn America into a military and
militarist country. There was no clear interest in religion in this
report, and no clear concern with local economic policies.
2. A second powerful stream must be credited to Pat Robertson and his
Christian Reconstructionists, or Dominionists. Long dismissed by most of
us as a screwball, the Dominionist style of Christianity which he has
been preaching since the early 1980s is now the most powerful religious
voice in the Bush administration.
Katherine Yurica, who transcribed over 1,300 pages of interviews from
Pat Robertson's 700 Club shows in the 1980s, has shown how Robertson and
his chosen guests consistently, openly and passionately argued that
America must become a theocracy under the control of Christian
Dominionists. Robertson is on record saying democracy is a terrible form
of government unless it is run by his kind of Christians. He also rails
constantly against taxing the rich, against public education, social
programs and welfare - and prefers Deuteronomy 28 over the teachings of
Jesus. He is clear that women must remain homebound as obedient servants
of men, and that abortions, like homosexuals, should not be allowed.
Robertson has also been clear that other kinds of Christians, including
Episcopalians and Presbyterians, are enemies of Christ.
3. The third major component of this "Perfect Storm" has been the desire
of very wealthy Americans and corporate CEOs for a plutocracy that will
favor profits by the very rich and disempowerment of the vast majority
of American workers, the destruction of workers' unions, and the
alliance of government to help achieve these greedy goals. It is a
condition some have called socialism for the rich, capitalism for the
poor, and which others recognize as a reincarnation of Social Darwinism.
This strain of thought has been present throughout American history.
Seventy years ago, they tried to finance a military coup to replace
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and establish General Smedley Butler as a
fascist dictator in 1934.
Fortunately, they picked a general who really was a patriot; he refused,
reported the scheme, and spoke and wrote about it. As Canadian law
professor Joel Bakan wrote in the book and movie The Corporation, they
have now achieved their coup without firing a shot.
Our plutocrats have had no particular interest in religion. Their global
interests are with an imperialist empire, and their domestic goals are
in undoing all the New Deal reforms of Franklin Delano Roosevelt that
enabled the rise of America's middle class after WWII.
Another ill wind in this Perfect Storm is more important than its
crudity might suggest: it was President Clinton's sleazy sex with a
young but eager intern in the White House. This incident, and Clinton's
equally sleazy lying about it, focused the certainties of conservatives
on the fact that "liberals" had neither moral compass nor moral concern,
and therefore represented a dangerous threat to the moral fiber of
America. While the effects of this may be hard to quantify, I think they
were profound.
These "storm" components have no necessary connection, and come from
different groups of thinkers, many of whom wouldn't even like one
another. But together, they form a nearly complete web of command and
control, which has finally gained control of America and, they hope, of
the world. What's coming
When all fascisms exhibit the same social and political agendas (the 14
points listed by Britt), then it is not hard to predict where a new
fascist uprising will lead. And it is not hard. The actions of fascists
and the social and political effects of fascism and fundamentalism are
clear and sobering.
Here is some of what's coming, what will be happening in our country in
the next few years:
* The theft of all social security funds, to be transferred to those who
control money, and the increasing destitution of all those dependent on
social security and social welfare programs.
* Rising numbers of uninsured people in this country that already has
the highest percentage of citizens without health insurance in the
developed world.
* Increased loss of funding for public education combined with increased
support for vouchers, urging Americans to entrust their children's
education to Christian schools.
* More restrictions on civil liberties as America is turned into the
police state necessary for fascism to work.
* Withdrawal of virtually all funding for National Public Radio and the
Public Broadcasting System. At their best, these media sometimes
encourage critical questioning, so they are correctly seen as enemies of
the state's official stories.
* The reinstatement of a draft, from which the children of privileged
parents will again be mostly exempt, leaving our poorest children to
fight and die in wars of imperialism and greed that could never benefit
them anyway. (That was my one-sentence Veterans' Day sermon for this year.)
* More imperialistic invasions: of Iran and others, and the construction
of a huge permanent embassy in Iraq.
* More restrictions on speech, under the flag of national security.
* Control of the internet to remove or cripple it as an instrument of
free communication that is exempt from government control. This will be
presented as a necessary anti-terrorist measure.
* Efforts to remove the tax-exempt status of churches like this one, and
to characterize them as anti-American.
* Tighter control of the editorial bias of almost all media, and
demonization of the few media they are unable to control -the New York
Times, for instance.
* Continued outsourcing of jobs, including more white-collar jobs, to
produce greater profits for those who control the money and direct the
society, while simultaneously reducing America's workers to a more
desperate and powerless status.
* Moves in the banking industry to make it impossible for an increasing
number of Americans to own their homes. As they did in the 1930s, those
who control the money know that it is to their advantage and profit to
keep others renting rather than owning.
* Criminalization of those who protest, as un-American, with arrests,
detentions and harassment increasing. We already have a higher
percentage of our citizens in prison than any other country in the
world. That percentage will increase.
* In the near future, it will be illegal or at least dangerous to say
the things I have said here this morning. In the fascist story, these
things are un-American. In the real history of a democratic America,
they were seen as profoundly critical questions that kept the American
spirit alive - the kind of questions, incidentally, that our media were
supposed to be pressing.
Can these schemes work?
I don't think so. I think they are murderous, rapacious and insane. But
I don't know. Maybe they can. Similar schemes have worked in countries
like Chile, where a democracy in which over 90% voted has been reduced
to one in which only about 20% vote because they say, as Americans are
learning to say, that it no longer matters who you vote for.
Hope
In the meantime, is there any hope, or do we just band together like
lemmings and dive off a cliff? Yes, there is always hope, though at
times it is more hidden, as it is now. As some critics are now saying,
and as I have been preaching and writing for almost twenty years,
America's liberals need to grow beyond political liberalism, with its
often self-absorbed focus on individual rights to the exclusion of
individual responsibilities to the larger society. Liberals will have to
construct a more complete vision with moral and religious grounding.
That does not mean confessional Christianity.
It means the legitimate heir to Christianity. Such a legitimate heir
need not be a religion, though it must have clear moral power, and be
able to attract the minds and hearts of a voting majority of Americans.
And the new liberal vision must be larger than that of the conservative
religious vision that will be appointing judges, writing laws and
bending the cultural norms toward hatred and exclusion for the
foreseeable future. The conservatives deserve a lot of admiration. They
have spent the last thirty years studying American politics, forming
their vision and learning how to gain control in the political system.
And it worked; they have won.
Even if liberals can develop a bigger vision, they still have all that
time-consuming work to do. It won't be fast. It isn't even clear that
liberals will be willing to do it; they may instead prefer to go down
with the ship they're used to.
One man who has been tireless in his investigations and critiques of
America's slide into fascism is Michael C. Ruppert, whose postings
usually read as though he is wound way too tight. But he offers four
pieces of advice about what we can do now, and they seem reality-based
enough to pass on to you. This is America; they're all about money:
* First, he says you should get out of debt.
* Second is to spend your money and time on things that give you energy
and provide you with useful information.
* Third is to stop spending a penny with major banks, news media and
corporations that feed you lies and leave you angry and exhausted.
* And fourth is to learn how money works and use it like a (political)
weapon - as he predicts the rest of the world will be doing against us.
---
That's advice written this week. Another bit of advice comes from sixty
years ago, from Roosevelt's Vice President, Henry Wallace. Wallace said,
"Democracy, to crush fascism internally, must...develop the ability to
keep people fully employed and at the same time balance the budget. It
must put human beings first and dollars second. It must appeal to reason
and decency and not to violence and deceit. We must not tolerate
oppressive government or industrial oligarchy in the form of monopolies
and cartels."
Still another way to understand fascism is as a kind of colonization. A
simple definition of "colonization" is that it takes people's stories
away, and assigns them supportive roles in stories that empower others
at their expense. When you are taxed to support a government that uses
you as a means to serve the ends of others, you are ironically - in a
state of taxation without representation.
That's where this country started, and it's where we are now.
I don't know the next step. I'm not a political activist; I'm only a
preacher. But whatever you do, whatever we do, I hope that we can
remember some very basic things that I think of as eternally true.
One is that the vast majority of people are good decent people who mean
and do as well as they know how. Very few people are evil, though some
are. But we all live in families where some of our blood relatives
support things we hate. I believe they mean well, and the way to rebuild
broken bridges is through greater understanding, compassion, and a
reality-based story that is more inclusive and empowering for the vast
majority of us.
Those who want to live in a reality-based story rather than as serfs in
an ideology designed to transfer power, possibility and hope to a small
ruling elite have much long and hard work to do, individually and
collectively.
It will not be either easy or quick.
But we will do it. We will go forward in hope and in courage. Let us
seek that better path, and find the courage to take it - step, by step,
by step.
* * * * *
About Our Minister, Davidson Loehr, Ph.D.
His academic credentials include a doctoral degree from the University
of Chicago in theology, philosophy of religion and philosophy of
science, a master's degree from the same university in methods for
studying religions, and a bachelor's degree in music theory from the
University of Michigan.
Dr. Loehr is a regular contributor to the Austin American-Statesman.
Before becoming a Unitarian Universalist minister, Dr. Loehr was a
combat photographer in Vietnam and a professional musician, playing
clarinet and saxophone in road bands and combos. His office is lined
with astounding photographs of places he has visited and people he has
known.
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